Index
Apothecaries Liquid
Area Measure
Canned Food Sizes
Chain, Engineers
Chain, Surveyors
Circles
Circle Formulas
Cord of Wood
Customary Wts &. Meas.
      
Dry Measure
Fractions/Decimals
Kitchen Measures
Kitchen Units
Linear Measure
Liquid Measure
Lumber Sizes
Metric Units
Metric / US Equivalents
Nautical Measure
      
Physical Measure
Recipe Substitutes
Temperature
Vocational
Volume
Weight, Apothecaries
Weight, Common
Weight, Troy
World Time Zones



Decimal Equivalents of Fractions
   ½s       ¼s       8ths       16ths       32nds       64ths    Inch
Decimals
Millimeter
Decimals















1

1

2
1
2
3
4
0.015625
0.03125
0.046875
0.0625
   = 0.397
   =   .794
   =  1.191 
   =  1.588











1



2

3

4
5
6
7
8
0.078125
0.09375
0.109375
0.125
   =  1.984
   =  2.381
   = 2.778
   =  3.175















3

5

6
9
10
11
12
0.140625
0.15625
0.171875
0.1875
   =  3.572
   =  3.969
   =  4.366
   =  4.763







1



2



4

7

8
13
14
15
16
0.203125
0.21875
0.234375
0.2500
   =  5.159
   =  5.556
   =  5.953
   =  6.350















5

9

10
17
18
19
20
0.265625
0.28125
0.296875
0.3125
   =  6.747
   =  7.144
   =  7.541
   =  7.938











3



6

11

12
21
22
23
24
0.328125
0.34375
0.359375
0.3750
   =  8.334
   =  8.731
   =  9.128
   =  9.525















7

13

14
25
26
27
28
0.390625
0.40625
0.421875
0.4375
   =  9.922
   = 10.319
   = 10.716
   = 11.113



1



2



4



8

15

16
29
30
31
32
0.453125
0.46875
0.484375
0.5
   = 11.509
   = 11.906
   = 12.303
   = 12.700


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Lumber Sizes
Stated Size Actual Size
1 x 4
1 x 5
1 x 6
1 x 8
1 x 10
1 x 12
3/4 X 3 5/8
3/4 x 4 5/8
3/4 x 5 5/8
3/4 x 7 1/2
3/4 x 9 1/2
3/4 x 11 1/2
2 x 4
2 x 6
2 x 8
2 x 10
2 x 12
1 5/8 X 3 5/8
1 5/8 x 5 5/8
1 5/8 x 7 1/2
1 5/8 x 9 1/2
1 5/8 x 11 1/2
Cord of Wood
4' x 4' x 8' 128 Cubic Feet
 

Circular Measure
Equivalents
60 seconds (")
60 minutes
90 degrees
4 quadrants
1 minute (')
1 degree (º)
1 quadrant
1 circle or
circumference = 360º
Formulas for Circles
Circumference of a circle:
Multiply the diameter by 3.1416
Diameter of a circle:
Multiply the circumference by 0.31831
Area of a circle:
Multiply the
square of the diameter by 0.7854


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Tables of U.S. Customary Weights and Measures


Linear Measure
Equivalents
  1/12 foot (ft.)
12 inches
  3 feet
  5 ½ yards
  1 rod, pole, or perch
40 rods
  1 furlong
  8 furlongs
  1 mile
  1 mile
  3 miles
6,076.10333 feet


1 inch (in.)
1 foot
1 yard (yd.)
1 rod (rd.)
16 ½ feet
1 furlong (fur.)
220 yds or 660 ft
1 statute mile
1760 yards
5280 feet
1 league
1 nautical,
geographical,
or sea mile
 

Area Measure
Equivalents
1/144 square foot (sq. ft.)
144 square inches
9 square feet
1 square yard
30 ¼ square yards
1 square rod
160 square rods
1 acre
1 acre
640 acres
1 square mile
6 miles square
1 township
36 sections
1 square inch (sq. in.)
1 square foot
1 square yard (sq. yd.)
1,296 square inches
1 square rod (sq. rd.)
272 ¼ square feet
1 acre
4,840 square yards
43,560 square feet
1 square mile (sq. mi.)
1 section (of land)
1 township
36 sections
36 square miles


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Volume Measure Equivalents
Units used to describe the three dimensional measurement of volume.
The volume of a simple cube is found by multiplying the length x width x depth.
1/1728 cubic foot (cu. ft.)
1728 cubic inches
27 cubic feet
1 cubic inch (cu. in.)
1 cubic foot
1 cubic yard (cu. yd.)


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Liquid Measure
Equivalents
Units used to describe the
volume amounts of liquids
1/16 pint (pt.)
4 ounces
4 gills
1 pint
1 pint
2 pints
1 quart
1 quart
4 quarts
1 gallon
1 gallon
1 gallon
1 gallon
31½ gallons
1 barrel
2 barrels
1 hogshead
1 hogshead
1 ounce (oz.)
1 gill (gi.)
1 pint
28.875 cubic inches
16 ounces
1 quart (qt.)
57.75 cubic inches
32 ounces
1 gallon (gal.)
231 cubic inches
8 pints
32 gills
128 ounces
1 barrel (bbl.)
126 quarts
1 hogshead
63 gallons
252 quarts
 
Dry Measure
Equivalents
Units used to describe the volume amount
of certain dry commodities
½ quart (qt.)
2 pints
1 quart
8 quarts
1 peck
1 peck
4 pecks
1 bushel
1 bushel
105 quarts


1 barrel
1 pint (pt.)
1 quart
67.2003 cubic inches
1 peck (pk.)
537.605 cubic inches
16 pints
1 bushel (bu.)
2150.42 cubic inches
32 quarts
1 barrel
   (for fruits, vegetables,
    and other dry commodities)
7056 cubic inches


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Avoirdupois Weight
The common, everyday units of weight
27 11/32 grains
16 drams
1 ounce
16 ounces
1 pound
1 pound
100 pounds
20 hundredweights
1 ton
1 dram (dr.)
1 ounce (oz.)
437½ grains
1 pound (lb.)
256 drams
7000 grains
1 hundredweight (cwt.)
1 ton (tn.)
2000 pounds
In "gross" or "long" measure,
the following values are recognized:
112 pounds
20 gross or long hundredweights
1 gross or long ton
1 gross or long hundredweight
1 gross or long ton
2240 pounds


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Tables of U.S. Customary Vocational Weights and Measures

Apothecaries Liquid Measure
Equivalents
Units used by pharmacists
to measure liquid drugs and medicines
1/480 fluid ounce (fl.oz.)
60 minims
1 fluid dram
60 fluid drams
1 fluid ounce
16 fluid ounce
1 pint
1 pint
2 pints
1 quart
1 quart
1 quart
4 quarts
1 gallon
1 gallon
1 gallon
1 minim (min.)
1 fluid dram (fl.dr.)
0.2256 cubic inch
1 fluid ounce
1.8047 cubic inches
1 pint (pt.)
28.875 cubic inches
128 fluid drams
1 quart (qt.)
57.75 cubic inches
32 fluid ounces
256 fluid drams
1 gallon (gal.)
231 cubic inches
128 fluid ounces
1024 fluid drams



Surveyors Chain
7.92 inches (in.)
100 links
1 chain
1 chain
80 chains
1 mile
1 mile
1 link
1 chain (ch.)
4 rods
66 feet
1 statute mile (mi.)
320 rods
5280 feet
 
Apothecaries Weights
Equivalents
Units used to describe the volume amount
of certain apothecaries commodities
1/5760 pound
   apothecaries (lb.ap.)
20 grains
3 scruples
1 dram apothecaries
8 dram apothecaries
1 ounce apothecaries
1 ounce apothecaries
12 ounces apothecaries
1 pound apothecaries
1 pound apothecaries
1 pound apothecaries
1 grain

1 scruple (s. ap.)
1 dram apothecaries (dr.ap.)
60 grains
1 ounce apothecaries (oz.ap.)
24 scruples
480 grains
1 pound apothecaries
96 drams apothecaries
288 scruples
5,760 grains




Troy Weight
Equivalents
Units used to describe the
weights of precious metals, jewels
1/5760 pound troy (lb.t.)
24 grains
20 pennyweights
1 troy ounce
12 ounces troy
1 pound troy
1 pound troy
1 grain
1 pennyweight (dwt.)
1 ounce troy (oz.t.)
480 grams
1 pound troy
240 pennyweights
5,760 grains


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Engineers Chain
Equivalents
12 inches
100 links
1 chain
52.8 chains
1 link (ll.)
1 chain
100 feet
1 statute mile (mi.)
 
Nautical Measure
Equivalents
A knot is a measure of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour
6 feet
120 fathoms
1 cable length
6076.10333 feet
1 nautical mile
6,080.2 feet
1 fathom
1 cable's length
720 feet
1 nautical mile
1.151 statute miles (new US value)
1 nautical mile (former US value)


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Metric Measure


Basic Prefixes and Units
Prefixes Meaning Fraction Decimal
Micro-
Milli-
Centi-
Deci-
Unit
Deka-
Hecto-
Kilo-
Myria-
Mega-
one-millionth
one-thousandth
one-hundredth
one-tenth
one
ten
one hundred
one thousand
ten thousand
one million
1/1,000,000
1/1000
1/100
1/10
1
10/1
100/1
1000/1
10,000/1
1,000,000/1
0.000001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10,000
1,000,000
Base Units "Meter" for length
"Gram" for weight or mass
"Liter" for capacity


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Common Metric / US Equivalents


Metric / US Linear Equivalents
1 inch
1 millimeter
1 foot
1 meter
1 yard
1 meter
1 mile
1 kilometer
25.4001 millimeters
0.03937 inches
0.304801 meters
3.28083 feet
0.914402 meters
1.093611 yards
1.609347 kilometers
0.621370 miles


Metric / US Mass Avoirdupois
1 ounce
1 gram
1 pound
1 kilogram
28.350 grams
0.035274 ounces
0.45359 kilograms
2.20462 pounds
 

Metric / US Liquid Capacity
Equivalents
1 quart
1 liter
1 gallon
1 liter
0.94633 liters
1.05671 quarts
3.78533 liters
0.26418 gallons




Metric / US Dry Capacity
Equivalents
1 quart
1 liter
1 peck
1 liter
1.1012 liters
0.9081 quarts
8.810 liters
0.11351 pecks


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Temperature Conversion
Celsius to Fahrenheit
Fahrenheit to Celsius
((9/5) * Input + 32)
(5/9) * Input - 32
Celsius Fahrenheit   Celsius Fahrenheit   Celsius Fahrenheit
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
32.0
33.8
35.6
37.4
39.2
41.0
42.8
44.6
46.4
48.2
50.0
51.8
53.6
55.4
57.2
59.0
60.8
62.6
64.4
66.2
68.0
 
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
33
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

69.8
71.6
73.4
75.2
77.0
78.8
80.6
82.4
84.2
86.0
87.8
89.6
91.4
93.2
95.0
96.8
98.6
100.4
102.2
104.0
 
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
55
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

105.8
107.6
109.4
111.2
113.0
114.8
116.6
118.4
120.2
122.0
123.8
125.6
127.4
129.2
131.0
132.8
134.6
136.4
138.2
140.0


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Common Kitchen Measures


Common Kitchen Measures
3 teaspoons (tsp)
2 tablespoons (Tbsp)
4 tablespoons
5 tablespoons +
   1 teaspoon
8 tablespoons
10 tablespoons +
   2 teaspoons
12 tablespoons
16 tablespoons
2 cups (C)
1 pint
1 tablespoon (½ ounce liquid)
1/8 cup (1 ounce liquid)
1/4 cup (2 ounces liquid)
1/3 cup

1/2 cup (4 ounces liquid)
2/3 cup

3/4 cup (6 ounces liquid)
1 cup (8 ounces liquid)
1 pint (16 ounces liquid)
1/2 quart
 

Measure of Units
6
12
12 dozen
12 gross
1/2 dozen
1 dozen
1 gross (gr.)
1 great gross
Physical Measures
3 inches
4 inches
9 inches
18 inches
30 inches
1 palm (British)
1 hand
1 span
1 cubit
1 military pace (Br.)


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Recipe Substitutes
1 square (1 ounce) unsweetened chocolate
1 tablespoon cornstarch (for thickening)
1 cup sifted cake flour
1 cup milk

1 cup sour milk
1 teaspoon baking powder
1 cup sugar



     * Reduce liquid in recipe by ¼ cup.
Approx. 3 tablespoons cocoa + 2 teaspoons shortening
2 tablespoons flour (approximately)
1 cup less 2 tablespoons, all-purpose flour
½ cup evaporated milk plus ½ cup water
     or 4 tablespoons dried milk plus 1 cup water
1 cup sweet milk plus 4 teaspoons vinegar or lemon juice
¼ teaspoon soda plus ½ teaspoon cream of tarter
1 cup honey plus ¼ to ½ teaspoon soda*
     or 1 cup maple syrup plus ¼ teaspoon soda*
     or ½ cup maple syrup plus ¼ cup corn syrup*
     or 1 cup brown sugar (firmly packed)
     or ¾ to 1 cup molasses plus ¼ to ½ teaspoon soda*


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Common Canned Food Sizes
Can Name Dimensions
in Inches
Approx. Net
Weight
or Volume
Approx.
Cup Contents
Chief Uses
6-oz. 2 1/8 x 3 1/2 6 fl. oz. ¾ cup Used principally for frozen concentraded
juices, as well as single stringth juices
8-oz.
Tall
2 11/16 x 3 1/4 8 oz.
(7 ¾ fl. oz.)
1 cup Used for most fruits, vegetables
and specialty items.
No. 1
(Picnic)
2 11/16 X 4 10 ½ oz.
(9 ½ bl. oz.)
1 ¼ cups Used for condensed soups, some fruits,
vegetables, meat, and fish products.
No. 300 3 x 4 7/16 15 ½ oz.
(13 ½ fl. oz.)
1 ¾ cups For specialty itsms such as pork and beans,
spaghetti, macaroni, chili con carne,
date & nut bread, and a variety of fruits.
No. 1
Tall
3 1/16 x 4 11/16 12 to 16 oz. 2 cups Used for salmon, fruit cocktain, and
fruits for salad.
No. 303 3 3/16 x 4 3/8 1 lb.
(15 fl. oz.)
2 cups Used more extensively than any other
for vegetables, plus some fruits.
No. 2 3 7/16 x 4 9/16 1 lb. 4 oz.
(1 pt 2 fl oz)
2½ cups Used for vegetables, fruits, and juices.
No. 2½ 4 1/16 x 4 11/16 1 lb. 13 oz.
(1 pt 10 fl oz)
3½ cups Used principally for fruits such as
peaches, pears, plums, and fruit
cocktail, plus vegetables such as
tomatoes, sauerkraut, and pumpkin
46-oz.
(No. 3 cylinder)
4 1/4 x 7 46 oz.
(1 qt 14 fl oz)
5¾ cups Used almost exclusively for juices;
also for whole chicken.
No. 10 6 3/16 x 7 6 lbs. 9 oz.
(3 qts.)
12 cups "Restaurant" size for most fruits,
vegetables.


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World Time Zones
Each time zone is approximately 15º, and is separated by one hour from the next zone.
For political and commercial reasons, some regions are included in a neighboring zone.
To calculate time in the different zones,
find the number of zones that separate on region from the other.
Then calculate the difference. See Time and Date.com for more information.
World Time Zone Map
Abbr. Full Name Time Zone
Coordinated
Universal Time
Example City

NST
NDT
AST
ADT
EST
EDT
ET
CST
CDT
CT
MST
MDT
MT
PST
PDT
PT
AKST
AKDT
HST
US and Canada
Newfoundland Standard Time
Newfoundland Daylight Time
Atlantic Standard Time
Atlantic Daylight Time
Eastern Standard Time
Eastern Daylight Saving Time
Eastern Time (either as EST or EDT)
Central Standard Time
Central Daylight Saving Time
Central Time (either as CST or CDT)
Mountain Standard Time
Mountain Daylight Saving Time
Mountain Time (either as MST or MDT)
Pacific Standard Time
Pacific Daylight Saving Time
Pacific Time (either as PST or PDT)
Alaska Standard Time
Alaska Daylight Saving Time
Hawaiian Standard Time

UTC - 3½ hours
UTC - 2½ hours
UTC - 4 hours
UTC - 3 hours
UTC - 5 hours
UTC - 4 hours
*
UTC - 6 hours
UTC - 5 hours
*
UTC - 7 hours
UTC - 6 hours
*
UTC - 8 hours
UTC - 7 hours
*
UTC - 9 hours
UTC - 8 hours
UTC - 10 hours

St. John's (winter)
St. John's (summer)
Bermuda (winter)
Bermuda (summer)
Indianapolis (all year)
New York (summer)
New York
Regina (all year)
Chicago (summer)
Chicago
Phoenix (all year)
Denver (summer)
Denver
Los Angeles (winter)
Los Angeles (summer)
Los Angeles
Anchorage (winter)
Anchorage (summer)
Honolulu
* The actual time zone depends on the time and the place,
some places are on standard time all year long, but most places observe daylight saving time in the summer.

GMT
BST
IST
WET
WEST
CET
CEST
EET
EEST
MSK
MSD
Europe
Greemwich Mean Time
British Summer Time
Irish Summer Time
Western European Time
Western European Summer Time
Central Europe Time
Central Europe Summer Time
Eastern Europe Time
Eastern Europe Summer Time
Moscow Time
Moscow Summer Time

UTC
UTC + 1 hour
UTC + 1 hour
UTC
UTC + 1 hour
UTC + 1 hour
UTC + 2 hours
UTC + 2 hours
UTC + 3 hours
UTC + 3 hours
UTC + 4 hours

London (winter)
London (summer)
Dublin (summer)
Lisbon (winter)
Lisbon (summer)
Paris (winter)
Paris (summer)
Athens (winter)
Athens (summer)
Moscow (winter)
Moscow (summer)

EST/AEST
EDT/AEDT
CST/ACST
CDT/ACDT
WST/AWST
Australia
(Australian) Eastern Standard Time
(Australian) Eastern Daylight Time
(Australian) Central Standard Time
(Australian) Central Daylight Time
(Australian) Western Standard Time

UTC + 10 hours
UTC + 11 hours
UTC + 9½ hours
UTC + 10½ hours
UTC + 8 hours

Brisbane
Canberra (summer)
Darwin
Adelade (summer)
Perth
An A is sometimes prefixed to Australian abbreviations, to distinguish them from abbreviations in Northern America.


The majority of the data on these tables are from the Nation Bureau of
Standards and were copied by Pat Tyler from a chart published by General Motors in 1957.
The temperature conversion table was created using the formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit.
The World Time Zone data is from Time and Date.com.
Click here for a Perpetual Calendar on line.


Contact Pat Tyler
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